Highly porous activated carbon from recycled tobacco waste: a promising adsorbent for thiamethoxam removal.

Authors

DOI:

10.52832/jesh.v4i4.448

Keywords:

Neonicotinoids, Biochar, Cigarette, Remediation, Functionalized surface

Abstract

This work aimed to use illicit tobacco residues for the production of activated carbon (AC) with a large surface area to remove thiamethoxam from water. We successfully produced tobacco-derived activated carbons (ACs) through thermal and chemical activation, including AC800-4-KOH, AC900-4-KOH, and AC900-5-KOH. AC900-4-KOH, in particular, displayed an exceptional surface area of 3294 m² g⁻¹, with surface functional groups indicating its aptitude for adsorption. In our comprehensive adsorption analysis, we observed rapid thiamethoxam removal, with over 95% adsorption occurring within just 5 minutes. The Freundlich model best described the adsorption process, revealing multilayer adsorption on the inherently heterogeneous AC surfaces. Additionally, Langmuir isotherm results highlighted AC900-4-KOH's superior maximum adsorption capacity at 150.5 mg g⁻¹, underscoring its exceptional adsorption potential. KLangmuir constants further illustrated the robust thiamethoxam-AC interaction, with AC900-5-KOH exhibiting the highest affinity. Our findings demonstrate the spontaneous, exothermic, and temperature-dependent nature of thiamethoxam adsorption (ΔGº<0, ΔHº<0, ΔSº>0), emphasizing its favorable thermodynamic feasibility. Furthermore, water elution experiments confirmed the absence of significant metal release from the adsorbents. This study pioneered the use of recycled tobacco waste to produce AC, showcasing exceptional thiamethoxam adsorption capacities. These findings position the AC as a promising candidate for water treatment and environmental remediation applications.

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Author Biographies

Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE)

Affonso is a CNPq Productivity Researcher in the area of ​​Environmental Sciences and completed two Post-Doctorates: 2017 at UEM-PR (Brazil) and 2010 at UFG-GO (Brazil), in addition to a Post-Doctoral internship in 2011 at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Affonso is an Associate Professor at UNIOESTE-PR on the Cascavel Campus and works as a teacher and researcher in the area of ​​Chemistry at the Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, teaching undergraduate courses in Civil Engineering and Agricultural Engineering at the Center for Exact and Technological Sciences. Affonso was a professor and researcher at UNIOESTE for more than 20 years at the Agricultural Sciences Center on the Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus, teaching classes in the area of ​​Chemistry for Agronomy and Zootechnics courses. He participates as a permanent professor and advisor in the Postgraduate Programs (Masters and Doctorate): 1- Energy Engineering in Agriculture; 2- Conservation and Management of Natural Resources. He is a scientific consultant and member of the editorial board of several national and international scientific journals. At UNIOESTE, from 2000 to 2020 he was the coordinator of the Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (MCR Campus), active in providing services in the area of ​​environmental sample analysis and currently coordinates the Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratories (BIOMÉDICAS Building) and Analytical and Environmental (BIOINFRA) both at Campus Cascavel. Affonso created and leads the Soil and Environment Study Group (GESOMA). At UNIOESTE he was an Advisor at the International Office (2020 to 2021) and has worked in administrative positions such as Advisor to the Rector's Office in 2001, Director of Research at PRPPG from 2001 to 2002 and also Research Coordinator at the Center for Agricultural Sciences in the year 2008. Prof. Affonso was Head of Division at the Technological Innovation Center (NIT) at UNIOESTE in 2009. Affonso is an ad hoc consultant for the Ministry of Agriculture in the area of ​​Waste and Contaminants and worked from 2006 to 2022 as an Institutional and Course Evaluator at the Ministry of Education MEC/INEP. He is currently an ad hoc consultant for CNPq, CAPES and Fundação Araucária. From 2009 to 2012 he was a member of the Chemistry Advisory Committee and from 2017 to 2019 he was a member of the Agronomy Advisory Committee of the Araucária Foundation (PR). He works as a voluntary environmental consultant with MP-SP and CONAMA-DF. Affonso has received several honors and awards from the national and international community, some of which are mentioned below: 2023 - Professor Samuel Benchimol Award as outstanding researcher in Sustainable Development in the Amazon Region, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations; 2023 - Third place as Agricultural Sciences Researcher (36th Paranaense Science and Technology Award); 2023 - First place at UNIOESTE-PR in Life Sciences in the CONFAP Award; 2022 - Third place as Exact and Earth Sciences Researcher (35 Paranaense Science and Technology Award); 2020 - First place as Agricultural Sciences Researcher (33 Paranaense Science and Technology Award); 2019 - Best scientific work at the 9th International Conference on Environmental Pollution and Remediation (Lisbon - Portugal); 2018 and 2017 - Best Higher Education Researcher and Professor - Outstanding Personality - Region Award; 2015 - Finalist for the Odebrecht Award for Sustainable Development - Environmental Category; 2014 - Honor for merit at the International Conference on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Development (Germany); 2012 - Finalist for the National Water Agency Award - Research and Technological Innovation Category; 2011 and 2010 - Outstanding Scientists and Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century (International Biographical Center - Cambridge, England); 2010 - The International Einstein Award for Scientific Achievement by the International Biographical Center - Cambridge, England; 2009 - Professor Samuel Benchimol Award as an outstanding researcher in the environmental area in the Amazon.

Angélica de Fátima Bortolato Piccioli, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste)

Currently, she is carrying out a Post-Doctoral Internship in the Postgraduate Program in Energy Engineering in Agriculture (PPGEA), at the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel campus, with a scholarship from the Postgraduate Development Program (PDPG ) Strategic Post-Doctorate, whose research is aimed at the development and validation of extraction and determination methods for emerging contaminants using chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and high-performance liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector. Diode Array (HPLC-DAD). PhD in Analytical Chemistry from the State University of Maringá (UEM - 2022) in the area of ​​Food Chemistry, developed methodologies for the extraction and quantification of fatty acids in food samples by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and quantification of bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD. In addition to the aforementioned techniques, she also carried out analyzes of triacylglycerols using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Master in Chemistry from the same institution (UEM - 2016), in the area of ​​Analytical Chemistry with an emphasis on trace element analysis, developed and validated analytical methodologies having mastered the techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace (GF AAS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS). Graduated in Chemistry Degree (UEM - 2013) and Chemistry Bachelor's Degree (2023) from the State University of Maringá.

Elio Conradi Jr., Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste)

Elio Conradi Junior has a PhD in Plant Production from the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE). Master in Plant Production from the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE). Agricultural Engineer graduated from UNIOESTE (2014-2018), worked with the Environmental and Instrumental Chemistry Laboratory of the Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus, carrying out chemical soil analyses, soil granulometric analysis and leaf tissue analysis (2015-2018) . He also developed work in the area of ​​fruit growing and phytotechnics of olive cultivation (2014). Knowledge in soybean cultivation and agricultural mechanization. A former exchange student with Rotary International's youth exchange program, he served as a goodwill ambassador to Mexico. He has intermediate knowledge of the English language and fluency in Spanish. He is currently a member of the Soil and Environment Study Group (GESOMA) coordinated by Prof. Dr. Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr. where he develops research related to soil and water remediation and pesticide dynamics in the environment using lysimeters.

Daniel Schwantes, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

He is currently a professor in the area of ​​Plant Protection and Health at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Department of Plant Sciences (2019-current), holding an interdisciplinary position shared between the Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal (FAIF), Facultad de Medicina y Faculdad of Chemistry. He belongs to the collegiate bodies of the Faculties of Chemistry and Agronomy, teaching subjects and advising undergraduate and postgraduate courses (Masters and Doctorate). He participates as a professor in the following postgraduate programs: Doctorate in Agronomy (Ciencias de la Agricultura), Doctorate in Chemistry, Master's degree in Agronomy (Fisiología y Producción Vegetal). He is an associate research professor (and vice-leader) of the Soil and Environment Study Group (GESOMA-Unioeste) (2016-Current). As for his professional history: he was a Full Professor, Coordinator of the Agronomy Course and President of the NDE of the Agronomy Course at the Faculdade Educacional de Medianeira (UDC, 2018-2019). He was a substitute professor at the Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences at UFPR-Setor Palotina (2017-2018). He worked as a research professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (2013-2017), on the Environmental Engineering course-Campus Toledo, where he was also President of the NDE (2016-2017). He is an Agricultural Engineer graduated from the State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) (2006-2010), Master in Agronomy from UNIOESTE (2010-2013), PhD in Agronomy from UNIOESTE (2013-2016) - Sandwich (CAPES scholarship holder Process 99999.006647/2015 -04) from the University of Lisbon, from the Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ULisboa), where he developed the title project: Modified adsorbents obtained from vines in Portugal aiming to remove Cd(II) in water; It has several international and national publications with a high impact factor related to the area of ​​Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, and topics related to the Sustainable Production Systems line. He taught courses in several Brazilian Lato sensu postgraduate courses (Faculdade Assis Gurgacz de Cascavel; Centro Universitário Cataratas UDC de Foz do Iguaçu; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná de Toledo, Universidade Paranaense de Umuarama). He works in the following lines of research: Bioaccumulation of metals and pesticides in environmental compartments; Environmental Dynamics of Pesticides; Adsorption of pesticides and other contaminants by adsorbents of plant origin.

Bianca Pierina Carraro, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste)

Graduated in Biological Sciences from the State University of Ponta Grossa (1999), master's degree in Agronomy from the State University of Maringá (2002), PhD in Agricultural Engineering from the State University of Western Paraná (2022). She was a full professor at Centro Universitário Assis Gurgacz, working mainly in the following disciplines: Cell biology, morphological botany, systematic botany and plant biotechnology. In research, she works on the production and application of yeasts and their metabolites in the development and post-harvest of large crops. She is currently pursuing a postdoctoral degree in Energy Engineering in Agriculture, developing chromatographic methods for determining pesticides in water.

Herbert Nacke, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste)

Herbert Nacke completed his doctorate in Agronomy at the State University of Western Paraná - UNIOESTE in 2014 as a Capes scholarship holder. He has a master's degree and a degree in Agronomy from this same institution. During the years 2005 to 2014 he worked as a collaborator in the Environmental and Instrumental Chemistry Laboratory, belonging to the Center for Agricultural Sciences, collaborating in research and providing services to the community. He has published book chapters and articles in specialized journals in partnership with several researchers. He has experience in Plant Production and Physiology, Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Microbiology and Analytical Chemistry. Since 2016 he has worked in the private sector, holding technical/commercial positions focused on the special fertilizers, biological products and application technology segment.

Emanuel Sobocinski Zanini, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste)

Emanuel is a master's student (2023) in the Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources (PPRN) at the State University of Western Paraná - UNIOESTE; His line of research is monitoring and management of anthropic environments: neonicotinoids in honey produced by different species of bees in Western Paraná, and is supervised by Prof. Dr. Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr.. He has a degree in chemistry from the Federal Institute of Paraná - IFPR (2021), he also has technical training in automotive maintenance from the National Industrial Learning Service - SENAI (2017), developing his research on injection car electronics, more specifically the oxygen sensor (lambda sensor). He served as a chemistry monitor for high school and prep school students at Colégio Expressão (2018); science teacher from 4th to 7th grade at Escola Conceito Criativo (2020 - 2022); and private music teacher (2017-2022). He was an intern at the Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis of Water-UNIOESTE (2020-2021) and at Colégio Estadual Wilson Joffre (2019-2021). He is currently a member of the Soil and Environment Study Group (GESOMA) coordinated by Prof. Dr. Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr., and works as a laboratory technician at UNIOESTE, responsible for the chemistry laboratories.

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26/11/2024

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Gonçalves Jr., A. C., Piccioli, A. de F. B., Conradi Jr., E., Schwantes, D., Carraro, B. P., Nacke, H., & Zanini, E. S. (2024). Highly porous activated carbon from recycled tobacco waste: a promising adsorbent for thiamethoxam removal. Journal of Education, Science and Health – JESH, 4(4), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.52832/jesh.v4i4.448

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Vol. 4 No. 4 (2024): JESH

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