Docking molecular: uma ferramenta valiosa para determinar a toxicidade do metil mercúrio em seres humanos
Resumen
O mercúrio, principalmente em sua forma de metil mercúrio (MeHg), é um metal pesado de alta relevância ambiental e toxicológica, pois pode comprometer a fisiologia dos organismos e gerar diversas patologias nos animais. Mesmo com vários efeitos tóxicos conhecidos em animais, os estudos de toxicidade em humanos continuam sendo os mais restritos entre os mamíferos, possivelmente devido a barreiras éticas. Apesar das semelhanças anatômicas e fisiológicas entre modelos experimentais e humanos, divergências podem ocorrer, em nível molecular, sobre os padrões de interação entre agentes tóxicos e proteínas-alvo. Assim, simulações em ambiente computacional, por meio de docking molecular utilizando proteínas exclusivamente humanas, apresenta-se como uma vantagem experimental, trazendo: precisão de resultados, economia de tempo e recursos financeiros, além de contribuir para a redução do uso de animais em pesquisas. O objetivo deste estudo foi rastrear a toxicidade do mercúrio através de proteínas relacionadas aos sistemas fisiológicos humanos usando a metodologia de docking molecular com o AutoDock Vina. As energias de ligação, resíduos de aminoácidos e número de resíduos foram semelhantes em todas as proteínas analisadas, demonstrando a possível toxicidade sistêmica do Mercúrio, devido à possibilidade de comprometer a função de proteínas relacionadas aos sistemas nervoso, digestivo, excretor, respiratório e reprodutor.
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