Desafios regionais e setoriais das pequenas e médias empresas na elaboração de relatórios de sustentabilidade: Uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52832/jesh.v6i1.608Palavras-chave:
Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs); Sustentabilidade; Relatórios de Sustentabilidade; Práticas ESG; Desafios Organizacionais.Resumo
A pesquisa analisou as barreiras enfrentadas pelas pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) mundiais na elaboração de relatórios de sustentabilidade, considerando diferentes contextos regionais e setoriais. A relevância do tema decorre do papel estratégico das PMEs na geração de emprego, renda e crescimento econômico global, ao mesmo tempo em que sua integração às práticas de sustentabilidade é essencial para o alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). O estudo foi conduzido por meio de uma Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática (RBS), apoiada no protocolo PRISMA, com busca nas bases Scopus e Web of Science. O processo metodológico seguiu quatro etapas: identificação (74 estudos), triagem (31 estudos), elegibilidade (30 estudos) e inclusão (28 estudos), considerando publicações entre 2019 e 2024. Os resultados apontam desafios recorrentes, como escassez de recursos financeiros e humanos, complexidade normativa, falta de expertise, resistência cultural à mudança, ausência de padronização regulatória, dificuldades na coleta de dados da cadeia de valor, baixa demanda de mercado e carência de incentivos governamentais. Observou-se que tais barreiras são mais intensas em países em desenvolvimento, enquanto em países desenvolvidos prevalecem custos de conformidade regulatória e adaptações a padrões internacionais. A análise também revelou diferenças setoriais, com maior impacto em indústrias de elevado risco ambiental, como energia, construção e manufatura. Nesse contexto, os achados reforçam a urgência de políticas públicas específicas, harmonização regulatória, capacitação técnica e desenvolvimento de ferramentas simplificadas para PMEs. Ademais, estratégias colaborativas e incentivos de mercado podem ampliar sua competitividade e consolidar sua contribuição para os ODS, em especial o ODS 12 (consumo responsável) e o ODS 13 (ação climática).
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