O DNA ESPERMÁTICO EM FOCO: A FRAGMENTAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA DIAGNÓSTICA NA ANÁLISE DA FERTILIDADE MASCULINA

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52832/jesh.v6i1.639

Resumen

A infertilidade conjugal afeta uma parcela significativa da população reprodutiva, sendo atribuída ao fator masculino em aproximadamente 50% dos casos. Houve um aumento nas pesquisas quanto aos exames que podem ser feitos além do espermograma. Os testes complementares para averiguar a qualidade seminal são muitos, neste trabalho, o foco foi o teste de fragmentação do DNA espermático. Esta revisão narrativa de literatura aborda os métodos mais comuns utilizados para medir a fragmentação do DNA, enfatizando a importância de cada um no campo das análises clínicas e da reprodução humana assistida, como: TUNEL, ensaio cometa, teste de dispersão da cromatina espermática (SCD) e ensaio de estrutura da cromatina espermática (SCSA). A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, considerando publicações entre 2015 e 2025. Os resultados indicam que o TUNEL apresenta alta sensibilidade e pode ser realizado por citometria de fluxo ou microscopia de fluorescência. O Ensaio Cometa, apesar de ser uma técnica detalhada para detecção de diferentes tipos de danos no DNA, requer operadores experientes. O SCD destaca-se pela simplicidade e baixo custo, tornando-se uma opção viável para laboratórios menores. Já o SCSA permite uma análise automatizada de grande volume via citometria de fluxo, sendo amplamente utilizado em centros de reprodução assistida, embora exija equipamentos especializados. Conclui-se que a análise da fragmentação do DNA espermático influencia diretamente a escolha dos tratamentos de reprodução assistida, como fertilização in vitro (FIV) e injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI), além de orientar estratégias para redução do estresse oxidativo e seleção espermática. A implementação desses testes na rotina laboratorial pode melhorar o diagnóstico da infertilidade masculina e personalizar condutas clínicas, otimizando as chances de sucesso dos tratamentos.

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Biografía del autor/a

  • Mel Braz Barcellos Cunha, Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Graduada em Biomedicina pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói - RJ.

  • Lincoln Bastos Farias Junior, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

    Mestre pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ.

  • Amanda Conceição Pimenta Salles, Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Mestre pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói - RJ.

  • Mariana Duque de Mello, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

    Mestre pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ.

  • Paula Fontoura Coelho de Souza, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro

    Doutora pela Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro - RJ.

  • Isabela Resende Pereira, Universidade Federal Fluminense

    Professora Doutora na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, - RJ.

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Publicado

16/02/2026

Número

Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2026): JESH (jan. - mar.)

Sección

CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2026 Journal of Education Science and Health

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Cómo citar

O DNA ESPERMÁTICO EM FOCO: A FRAGMENTAÇÃO COMO FERRAMENTA DIAGNÓSTICA NA ANÁLISE DA FERTILIDADE MASCULINA. (2026). Journal of Education Science and Health, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.52832/jesh.v6i1.639