The Role of Cytogenetics and Immunophenotyping Techniques in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Authors

DOI:

10.52832/jormed.v2.411

Keywords:

Cytogenetics., Flow cytometry. , Blastic crisis., Immunophenotyping. , Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of precursor cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow, resulting in visible morphological manifestations and immature cells in the peripheral circulation. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently classifies AML subtypes based on both morphological and genetic aspects. Objective: To evaluate the main diagnostic criteria for AML and identify the role played by cytogenetic analysis and immunophenotyping in the differential diagnosis of this pathology. Methods: This is a literature review using scientific articles available in the PubMed(US National Library of Medicine) and Scielo(Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases. DeCS descriptors with the Boolean operator "AND" were used, including "myeloid leukemia", "Immunophenotyping " and "cytogenetics". Free full texts, published in peer-reviewed journals, available in English and Portuguese, and studies published between 2019 and 2023. Studies that were not directly related to the proposed topic were excluded from the analysis. Results: The diagnosis of AML combines information from the blood count with cytogenetic analysis and immunophenotyping. Genetic analysis, through karyotyping, identifies AML subtypes by specific chromosomal translocations. Immunophenotyping uses antibodies to identify markers of immaturity, differentiating AML from lymphoblastic leukemias. These approaches are essential for an accurate and differential diagnosis of AML. Conclusion: Cytogenetic research and immunophenotyping play essential roles in the differential diagnosis of AML, providing essential information to guide treatment and patient care, based on their cytogenetic and immunophenotypic characteristics.

Author Biographies

Camilly Isadora Pires, Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Discente do Curso de Biomedicina do Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP/Cruzeiro do Sul)

Flávia Pereira Gomes, Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Discentes do Curso de Biomedicina do Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP/Cruzeiro do Sul)

Mariana Medina Franco Romero, Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Discente do Curso de Biomedicina do Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP/Cruzeiro do Sul)

Tereza Raquel Xavier Viana, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí (FMJ) e Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (Ceunsp) e Universiadade Internacional (UNINTER)

Mestranda em Ciências da Saúde na Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí (FMJ), com previsão de conclusão em 2025. Graduada em Gestão de Marketing pela Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), com pós-graduação em Neurociências pela Faculdade Venda Nova do Imigrante (Faveni), e especializações em Cannabis Medicinal pela Doane University (EUA), e Auditoria em Sistemas de Saúde e Administração Hospitalar pela Faculdade de São Marcos (FACSM). Além disso, estou cursando uma segunda especialização em Neurociências pela Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) e Gerontologia pelo Centro Universitário Internacional (UNINTER), com conclusão prevista em 2024. Simultaneamente, busco minha segunda graduação em Biomedicina no Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP - ITU), com término previsto para 2025. Além disso, tenho extensão em Neuroanatomia pela Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP). Associada à Sociedade Brasileira de Neurociências e Comportamento (SBNeC), com filiação à FeSBE, SBPC, IBRO e FALAN, bem como à Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia (SBGG), mantenho o desejo de expandir meus horizontes e aprimorar minhas habilidades em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Meu objetivo primordial é contribuir para o avanço científico e o benefício da sociedade como um todo. 

Regiane Priscila Ratti, Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Doutora em Biotecnologia pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos (2009), Mestre em Biociências Aplicada à Farmácia pela FCFARP-USP, Graduada em Biomedicina pelo Centro Universitário de Araraquara (2003)

Agenor Messias Silvestre Junior , Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Doutor em Ciências pela Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Mestre em microbiologia e imunologia pela Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). Graduado em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Metodista de São Paulo. Graduado em Farmácia pela Universidade São Camilo.

Larissa Teodoro Rabi, do Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP)

Biomédica habilitada em Biologia Molecular, Análises Clínicas, Hematologia, Imunologia e Citologia Oncótica. Mestre em Ciências pelo Departamento de Clínica Médica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Docente do Curso de Biomedicina do Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio (CEUNSP/Cruzeiro do Sul).

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Published

2024-04-30

How to Cite

Pires, C. I., Gomes, F. P., Romero, M. M. F., Xavier Viana, T. R., Ratti, R. P., Silvestre Junior , A. M., & Rabi, L. T. (2024). The Role of Cytogenetics and Immunophenotyping Techniques in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemias. Journal of Research in Medicine and Health, 2. https://doi.org/10.52832/jormed.v2.411

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Vol. 2 (2024): JORMED

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Original Article Medical and Health Sciences

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